Comparative Effects of IAA with BAP and Kinetin on In Vitro Callus Induction and Shoot Regeneration in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21276/pt.2025.v2.i4.6Keywords:
6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), callus induction, Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), In vitro regeneration, Kinetin (Kn), shoot organogenesis, stem nodal cuttings, Solanum lycopersicum L.Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a nutritionally and economically important crop, widely cultivated and recognized as a model plant in genetic and physiological studies. Despite its significance, tomato productivity is limited by biotic and abiotic stresses, underscoring the need for efficient in vitro regeneration systems to facilitate crop improvement. In this study, tomato variety ‘Arka Sourabh’ was used to evaluate the effect of different hormone combinations on callus induction and shoot organogenesis. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium was supplemented with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in combination with two different cytokinins, 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and kinetin (Kn), to evaluate their comparative effects on callus induction and shoot regeneration. The combination of IAA (0.4 mg/L) and kinetin (0.2 mg/L) induced profuse callus formation without subsequent organogenesis, while IAA (2.5 mg/L) with BAP (2.5 mg/L) promoted direct shoot regeneration after 10-15 days of culture initiation. Among the tested treatments, the IAA and BAP combination was found to be most effective for shoot induction from stem nodal cuttings. These results demonstrate that the cytokinin type plays a critical role in determining morphogenic responses in tomato, with BAP favoring shoot differentiation and kinetin enhancing callus proliferation. The optimized protocol can be applied in future studies involving genetic transformation and large-scale clonal propagation of tomato.
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