Mechanisms of Auxin Signalling Pathways in Plants: A Comprehensive Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21276/pt.2025.v2.i3.13Keywords:
Signalling pathway, genes, TIR1 and AFB, F-box, ARFAbstract
Auxin is considered the first phytohormone identified for its ability to induce apical growth in plants. Auxin is essential for initiating complex growth and developmental processes in nearly every plant species. Auxin is formed through metabolic processes and then transported to elongation zones, where it induces cell expansion. Auxin biosynthesis occurs primarily in the apical meristems of shoots, young leaves, and developing seeds, and is derived from the amino acid tryptophan. Auxin regulates numerous growth responses in plants, such as phototropism, geotropism, cell maintenance, and organ formation. To mediate these responses and their diverse functions, the nuclear auxin signalling pathway involves several key components. This modular structure allows this pathway to elicit diverse transcriptional responses depending on cellular and environmental conditions. This molecular process facilitates rapid transitions between gene repression and activation. This study outlines the contemporary paradigm of TIR1/AFB-dependent auxin signalling and highlights recent research breakthroughs.
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